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What is Routine Blood Test?

Blood testing, or blood analysis, identifies levels of biomarkers, whether they be proteins, nutrients, vitamins, or minerals in the blood that change every day. It is part of the standard of care around the world for many indicators of disease and levels of basic vitamins and minerals, as it is reliable and has been available since the 1930s. Currently, there are thousands of different blood tests commercially available from laboratory services at convenient national locations. Many of those are not relevant to your health, wellness, and performance, but rather to disease; in addition, certain blood tests require a significant amount of blood and can quickly become expensive. Therefore, measuring only the most important biomarkers is generally the best strategy.

Common types of Routine tests include:

1. Complete blood count (CBC) - This type of blood test gives a quantitative analysis of blood constituents. It gives the amounts of RBC (red blood cells), WBC (white blood cells), platelets (cells responsible for blood clotting), haemoglobin (a protein associated with RBCs which carries oxygen to the cells and takes away carbon dioxide from the cells) and haematocrit (percentage of blood made up of red blood cells). A fluctuation from commonly accepted values could indicate anaemia, leukaemia, suppressed immunity, or other blood-related disorders.

2. Basic metabolic Panel (BMP) - Basic metabolic panel checks for the following nutrients in blood- Calcium, Potassium, Sodium, Glucose, Bicarbonate, Chloride, Blood urea nitrogen. Abnormal levels can indicate the patient’s chances of diabetes, nutrient deficiencies, hormonal imbalance, and kidney-related issues.

3. Coagulation Panel - Blood clotting is an essential property of our body that prevents excessive blood loss. But it has also been proved to be dangerous if internal blood clotting blocks the veins and arteries. Therefore, coagulation Panel tests are performed to keep a check on platelet functioning. It is also known as the prothrombin time test or fibrinogen activity test. Abnormal results can be obtained in haemophilia, liver conditions, leukaemia, and vitamin deficiency cases. 

4. Thyroid Panel - The test is also known as the thyroid function test. The thyroid gland secretes the thyroxine hormone and responds to the T3 and T4 hormones. These tasks, when combined, guarantee that the body functions properly. Blood tests are done to check thyroid functioning in patients with thyroid growth disorders, abnormal levels of steroidal hormones, or low protein levels.

5. Lipid Panel - Our body’s cholesterol is classified into healthy (HDL-high density lipoprotein) and harmful (LDL-low density lipoprotein). A patient with an increased level of bad cholesterol is at high risk of heart disease due to blockage in blood vessels. Therefore lipid panel blood work is performed to check the status of cholesterol in a patient’s body. If a doctor diagnoses you with high blood cholesterol, he will recommend medicines. 

6. Liver Panel - It is also known as a comprehensive metabolic panel. The doctor checks the functional liver proteins and substances like albumin, bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and aminotransferase. Diseases like hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver damage, and heart issues are diagnosed using liver Panel tests.

7. Sexually transmitted infection test - Diseases that transmit sexually like HIV, herpes, syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhoea can be diagnosed with blood work. Many doctors suggest blood tests if a person is doubtful of a sexually transmitted infection. Although the accuracy of blood tests is questionable and follow-up tests are always done before confirming anything. 

What is DNA Genetic Testing?

There may be many reasons individuals want to identify their DNA profile. When seeking out DNA testing, the first step is to determine what you want your DNA to reveal. Are you simply looking to verify or learn more about your ancestry and ethnicity? Are you in search of connecting with relatives, or are you interested in identifying very specific genetic disorders or perhaps a link to a genetically inherited disease? These are important questions to ask so that you can determine which type of DNA test is best for you. 

Genetic testing can provide the following information:

An individual’s risk of disease (for example, depending on your SNPs, your risk of developing diabetes might be low or high)  Drug responsiveness, or whether you are going to respond to treatment by a specific drug Carrier status (you can find out if your children are at risk for inherited conditions, which allows for planning and informed action) Ancestry (where you and your relatives are from and how you are related)

Common types of DNA tests include:

1. Ancestry tests – Most ancestry tests look at your 23 sets of chromosomes and offer a basic report of origin and ethnicity. Some of these sites may be able to reveal health traits and traits specific to regions and origins.

2. Paternity tests –Paternity tests are commonly used to determine paternity and other family relationships. We inherit our DNA from our parents. Paternity results are based on a ‘probability of paternity’, that probability is achieved when DNA marker matches reveal the child’s DNA being matched with father and/or mother’s DNA.

3. Genomic tests – Used to diagnose rare genetic disorders. According to the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), “Genetic tests may be used to identify increased risks of health problems, to choose treatments, or to assess responses to treatments.”